Useful resource nationalism can also be growing in current instances, with international locations closely targeted on constructing their very own vital minerals provide chains. This brought about the Biden administration to checklist copper as a vital mineral in late 2024, which might enable tasks accelerated permits, funding incentives and nationwide safety enhancements.
Moreover, after new US President Donald Trump took workplace in January 2025, Trump issued an govt order that will slash purple tape to extend home vital mineral manufacturing, together with copper. The transfer has brought about vital environmental issues, but it surely may help US copper corporations which have beforehand struggled to obtain permits.
On this article we dive into greater than 25 US copper tasks within the building, restarting or allowing part, primarily based on knowledge from mine database Mining Knowledge On-line (MDO). MDO’s database focuses on publicly traded mining corporations, so there could also be US copper mines being developed by non-public corporations that aren’t on this checklist.
This text relies on knowledge supplied by MDO as of March 2025.
Subsequent US copper mine: Copper mines beneath building
Black Butte venture
Possession: 87% – Sandfire Sources (TSXV:SFR)
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: SEDEX, Stratabound
As soon as it enters manufacturing, the Black Butte copper venture in Montana is predicted to supply 120,000 metric tons (MT) of copper focus yearly. The positioning’s Johnny Lee deposit hosts confirmed and possible reserves of 8.8 million MT, containing 226,100 MT of copper at a grade of two.6 %.
Sandfire had beforehand begun Section I building to mine the Johnny Lee deposit, however a Montana district court docket ruling overturned the prior Document of Resolution in 2022 halted it. Nevertheless, the Montana Supreme Court docket dominated in Sandfire’s favor in Q1 2024. With its mining allow reinstated, the corporate is now assessing Black Butte’s economics because it strikes towards a closing funding choice.
Florence venture
Possession: Taseko Mines (TSX:TKO,NYSE:TGB)
Mine kind: In-Situ
Deposit kind: Porphyry
Positioned in Central Arizona, the Florence venture is predicted to supply 85 million kilos of copper yearly. In response to MDO, Florence will probably be one of many world’s most effective copper producers, and copper produced on website will meet the London Metallic Change grade A typical.
General, the location’s confirmed and possible mineral reserves are 2.32 billion kilos of contained copper from 320 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 0.36 % copper. Development on the website reached the 56 % mark in December of 2024 and is on observe for its first manufacturing by the tip of 2025.
Idaho Cobalt Operation
Possession: Jervois International (ASX:JRV,OTC Pink:JRVMQ)
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Vein / slim vein, sediment-hosted
The Idaho Cobalt Operation (ICO) is positioned in Northern Idaho close to the border with Montana. Regardless that the venture is concentrated on cobalt manufacturing, over the seven-year lifetime of the mine, it’s deliberate to supply greater than 15,000 MT of copper.
Whereas the ICO continues to be listed as beneath building, Jervois International halted growth of the mine in March 2023 on account of falling cobalt costs. As of This fall 2024, building actions stay suspended and the corporate is concentrated on upkeep and environmental compliance.
Subsequent US copper mine: Mines being restarted
Gunnison mine
Possession: Gunnison Copper (TSX:GCU,OTCQB:GCUMF)
Mine kind: In-Situ Restoration, Open Pit
Deposit kind: Skarn
Gunnison Copper, beforehand named Excelsior Mining, is presently growing its Gunnison mine in Arizona as an open pit mining operation. Gunnison was initially scheduled to start working in 2020 as an in-situ restoration venture, however startup was delayed on account of low movement charges. Gunnison Copper has been evaluating totally different options to beat the challenges and obtained permits to start nicely simulation utilizing small-scale, shallow-level hydraulic fracking.
Nevertheless, the corporate decided that an open-pit operation has “considerably improved viability” in comparison with the ISR operation presently, and is now advancing the allowing course of for the open pit. Gunnison intends to keep up the choice of its absolutely permitted ISR operation and nicely stimulation.
As soon as the open-pit mine is in operation, Gunnison estimates a mean annual manufacturing of 167 million kilos of copper cathode. The possible mineral reserve for the in-situ operation as of 2016 is 4.5 billion kilos of copper from 782.2 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 0.29 %. The open pit’s 2024 mineral useful resource estimate confirmed a measured and indicated useful resource of 5.1 billion kilos of copper from 831.6 million MT of ore with a mean copper grade of 0.31 %.
Sunshine mine
Possession: Sunshine Silver Mining and Refining
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Vein / slim vein, mesothermal
The Sunshine mine has seen manufacturing courting again to 1904, with the latest being in 2008. The positioning sits inside probably the most prolific mining areas of the Coeur d’Alene district in Idaho, United States. Since buying the venture in 2010, Sunshine Silver Mining and Refining has spent greater than US$100 million on-site upgrades and developments with the intent of restarting manufacturing earlier than the tip of the last decade.
In response to MDO, the Sunshine property hosts “one of many highest-grade, giant major silver deposits on the earth.” As soon as restarted, it’ll additionally produce copper and several other different metals as byproducts, with deliberate common annual copper manufacturing of 1.12 million kilos.
Subsequent US copper mine: Copper mines within the allowing stage
Antler venture
Possession: New World Sources (ASX:NWC,OTC Pink:NWCBF)
State: Arizona
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Volcanogenic huge sulfide (VMS)
Commodities: Copper, zinc, lead, silver, gold
As of February 2025, New World Useful resource’s Antler venture is on observe to start building actions in H2 2025 and full the allowing course of by early 2026. Federally, the one allow remaining is the Mine Plan of Operations, which the Bureau of Land Administration acknowledged will probably be evaluated beneath an Environmental Evaluation. If issues proceed as deliberate, the corporate will start transport focus by 2027.
The positioning hosts quite a few targets and a possible copper reserve of 180,000 MT from 11 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 1.6 % copper. The corporate anticipates a mine lifetime of 12.2 years with a mean annual copper manufacturing of 36 million kilos and copper equal manufacturing of 30,100 MT.
Arctic venture
Possession:
50% – Trilogy Metals (NYSE:TMQ)
50% – South32 (ASX:S32,OTC Pink:SHTLF)
State: Alaska
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: VMS
Commodities: Copper, zinc, lead, silver, gold
The Arctic venture is presently within the feasibility stage. As a result of its location, the one vital federal allow required is the 404 wetlands allow from the US Military Corps of Engineers. The remaining permits are issued on the state stage.
The positioning’s indicated copper useful resource is 2.35 billion kilos from 35.7 million MT of ore with a mean grade of two.98 % copper. An extra 189 million kilos are inferred from 4.5 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 1.92 %. As soon as full, the mine is predicted to supply 234,000 MT of copper yearly.
Again Forty venture
Possession: Gold Useful resource (NYSEAMERICAN:GORO)
State: Michigan
Mine kind: Open pit and underground
Deposit kind: VMS, breccia pipe/stockwork
Commodities: Gold, silver, copper, zinc
Again Forty is deliberate as two open pits, an underground mine and a processing plant. As soon as absolutely permitted, Gold Useful resource plans for a 21 month building interval earlier than mining commences at its Pinwheel open pit. In 2021, a decide denied a wetlands allow for Again Forty on account of its affect on the encircling space. MDO reviews that Gold Useful resource’s revised mine plan avoids affect on the area’s wetlands, which ought to help the mine allowing course of.
Again Forty can have the capability to supply 6.8 million kilos of copper focus yearly. The venture hosts an open pit indicated copper useful resource of 74 million kilos from 9.36 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 0.36 % copper, and an underground indicated copper useful resource of 47 million kilos from 5.1 million MT with a mean grade of 0.41 %.
Cactus Mine venture
Possession: Arizona Sonoran Copper (TSX:ASCU,OTCQX:ASCUF)
State: Arizona
Mine kind: Open pit and underground
Deposit kind: Porphyry
Commodities: Copper
Cactus is a brownfield growth venture in Central Arizona with a 5.5 kilometer mine pattern. The positioning hosts the past-producing Sacaton mine, a mining stockpile and three major deposits: Cactus East, Cactus West and Parks/Salyer. Arizona Sonoran Copper is working to finish a pre-feasibility examine for the second half of 2025.
A Q3 2024 preliminary financial evaluation( PEA) outlined a 31 yr mine life with on-site manufacturing of 86,000 quick tons of LME Grade A copper cathode per yr. In whole, the location has a measured and indicated useful resource of seven.29 billion kilos from 632.7 million MT of ore at a mean grade of 0.576 % copper.
CK Gold venture
Possession: US Gold (NASDAQ:USAU)
State: Wyoming
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry, breccia pipe/stockwork
Commodities: Copper, gold, silver
In 2024, the CK Gold venture achieved a number of allowing milestones. In April, US Gold acquired its mine working allow, and in November, its subsidiary, Gold King, acquired its closing allow approval from the air high quality division of the Wyoming Division of Environmental High quality. These permits have been the ultimate hurdles wanted earlier than the corporate started growing the venture.
The corporate plans to supply a copper focus that incorporates gold, copper and silver. CK has a major copper useful resource with confirmed and possible reserves totaling 248 million kilos from 70.4 million MT at a mean grade of 0.18 % copper. US Gold is working in the direction of a feasibility examine, and goals to start building in late-2025 or 2026 with first focus manufacturing in 2027 or 2028.
Copper Flat venture
Possession: THEMAC Sources (TSXV:MAC,OTC Pink:MACQF)
State: New Mexico
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry, breccia pipe/stockwork, hydrothermal
Commodities: Copper, molybdenum, gold, silver
Copper Flat is a brownfield venture constructed on a website that has seen mining courting again to the Nineties, with numerous corporations working to convey the location again on-line for the reason that Nineteen Eighties. To this point, THEMAC has accomplished its definitive feasibility and environmental research and has acquired a number of key Federal and State permits. The state mining allow is within the superior stage.
The positioning hosts a confirmed and possible copper reserve of 579.21 million kilos from 113.08 million MT of ore at a mean grade of 0.3 % copper.
Copperwood venture
Possession: Highland Copper (TSXV:HI,OTCQB:HDRSF)
State: Michigan
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Sediment-hosted
Commodities: Copper, silver
Copperwood is a completely permitted venture and is in lively growth. Highland spent a lot of 2024 working to satisfy its obligations to arrange the location as required beneath the phrases of the wetlands and streams allow. Its subsequent growth steps are metallurgic testing utilizing ultra-fine flotation expertise and group engagement because it strikes in the direction of a building choice.
Copperwood hosts confirmed and possible reserves of 25.7 million MT of ore at a mean grade of 1.45 % copper for 820 million kilos of contained copper. Highland expects to supply 65 million kilos of saleable copper per yr for a complete of 675 million kilos over the mine’s 10.3 yr life.
Copper World Advanced
Possession: Hudbay Minerals (TSX:HBM,NYSE:HBM)
State: Arizona
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry, skarn
Commodities: Copper, molybdenum, silver, gold
Copper World is without doubt one of the largest copper tasks in growth in america, in response to Hudbay. The corporate is presently within the allowing stage for Section 1 at Copper World, which can consist of 4 open pits with an anticipated mine lifetime of 20 years. The second part will increase the operation and lengthen the lifetime of the mine additional.
The positioning has acquired all essential state permits to start building and operation after it acquired its air high quality allow in January 2025. Hudbay is anticipating annual common copper manufacturing of 92,000 MT throughout the first 10 years and 85,000 MT over the 20 yr mine life. In yr 5, it plans to start copper cathode manufacturing to produce the US market.
CuMo venture
Possession: Idaho Copper (OTC Pink:COPR)
State: Idaho
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry, vein/slim vein, breccia pipe/stockwork
Commodities: Molybdenum, copper, silver, tungsten, rhenium, sulfuric acid
Whereas Idaho Copper’s focus with CuMo is growing one of many world’s largest molybdenum mines, the corporate additionally plans to supply a mean of 84 million kilos of copper steel in focus per yr. CuMo hosts a major measured and indicated copper useful resource of three.81 million kilos.
Idaho Copper is working in the direction of releasing an up to date PEA throughout the first half of 2025. Moreover, the corporate expects to start environmental work for its environmental affect assertion someday this yr.
Empire venture
Possession:
80% – Phoenix Copper (LSE:PXC,OTCQB:PXCLF)
20% – ExGen Sources (TSXV:EXG,OTC Pink:BXXRF)
State: Idaho
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Skarn, vein/slim vein, breccia pipe/stockwork
Commodities: Copper, gold, silver
Empire is a brownfield venture deliberate as an open-pit mine atop historic underground workings. Phoenix Copper is growing its mine plan for the Idaho Division of Lands and for federal evaluate by the Nationwide Environmental Coverage Act. The corporate is aiming to finish the allowing venture in 2025 and start manufacturing in 2026 utilizing on-site, pre-owned milling gear it bought in 2024.
Empire’s confirmed and possible copper reserves are 109.45 million kilos from 10.1 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 0.49 % copper. The mill will produce a copper-gold-silver focus and cement copper stream, combining for 89.1 million kilos of payable copper over the nine-year lifetime of mine.
Mason venture
Possession: Hudbay Minerals
State: Nevada
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry, vein/slim vein
Commodities: Copper, molybdenum, gold, silver
Deliberate for a mine lifetime of 27 years, Mason is a major greenfield copper deposit and one of many largest undeveloped porphyry copper deposits in North America, in response to MDO. Hudbay considers Mason a “long-term future growth asset” and is engaged on enhancing venture economics by metallurgical research.
Based mostly on its 2021 PEA, Hudbay expects the mine to supply a mean of 112,000 MT of copper focus per yr and ship greater than 10 million MT over its lifetime.
NorthMet venture
Possession:
50% – Teck (TSX:TECK.A,TECK.B,NYSE:TECK)
50% – Glencore (LSE:GLEN,OTC Pink:GLCNF)
State: Minnesota
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Magmatic
Commodities: Copper, nickel, palladium, gold, platinum, cobalt, silver
The Teck and Glencore NewRange three way partnership consists of two deposits: NorthMet and Mesaba. Allowing for NewRange is stalled partly on account of issues with the mine’s tailings plan. In 2025, the businesses plan to advance engineering research at NorthMet and safe up to date growth permits.
The Trump administration’s govt order to hurry approvals of vital minerals tasks may probably assist the venture clear regulatory hurdles. Whether it is absolutely permitted, NorthMet is predicted to ship a mean of 60 million kilos of copper focus per yr over a 20 yr mine life.
Palmer venture
Possession: American Pacific Mining (CSE:USGD,OTCQX:USGDF)
State: Alaska
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: VMS
Commodities: Copper, zinc, silver, gold, barite, lead
American Pacific Mining is assessing its Palmer venture by its five-year plan that ends in 2028. In 2024, work included environmental and allowing actions, quite a lot of research in preparation for future feasibility plans and drilling to increase the mineral useful resource.
As of 2018, the location hosts an indicated copper useful resource of 154 million kilos from 4.68 million MT of ore at a mean copper grade of 1.49 %, and an inferred copper useful resource of 124 million kilos from 9.6 million MT of ore at a mean grade of 0.59 %.
Pebble venture
Possession: Northern Dynasty Minerals (TSX:NDM,NYSE:NAK)
State: Alaska
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Porphyry
Commodities: Copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, rhenium
In response to MDO, Pebble is the world’s largest recognized undeveloped useful resource of copper in addition to gold. The venture has been stalled since November 2020, when the US Military Corps of Engineers (USACE) rejected its allow functions on account of environmental issues. Since then, Northern Dynasty has been suing to overturn the rejection.
In February 2025, court docket proceedings have been suspended for 90 days on the request of the Environmental Safety Company (EPA) and the USACE. This adopted the affirmation of a brand new EPA administrator and Trump’s govt order supporting vital mineral tasks. Nevertheless, it nonetheless stays to be seen whether or not the Trump administration will help Pebble this time round, because the earlier rejection was made throughout his first time period.
Pebble is deliberate to supply an estimated common of 320 million kilos of copper focus yearly, from a measured and indicated useful resource base of 52.99 billion kilos of copper.
Pumpkin Hole
Possession: Kinterra Capital
State: Nevada
Mine kind: Open pit
Deposit kind: Skarn, breccia pipe/stockwork, iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG)
Commodities: Copper, gold, silver
The Pumpkin Hole venture hosts a completely permitted open pit venture and a completely permitted and constructed underground mine. Manufacturing and growth have been suspended on the operations after its earlier proprietor Nevada Copper filed for Chapter 11 chapter in June 2024. That October, Pumpkin Hole was acquired for US$128 million by an affiliate firm of personal fairness agency Kinterra Capital, which plans to advance the property.
Confirmed and possible copper reserves at Pumpkin Hole’s open pit venture whole 3.59 billion kilos from 385.7 million MT of ore with a mean grade of 0.47 % copper. The open pit is predicted to supply an annual common of 163 million kilos of payable copper. Moreover, the underground mine is projected to supply 50 million kilos of payable copper yearly as soon as it’s restarted.
Decision venture
Possession:
55% – Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO)
45% – BHP Group (ASX:BHP,NYSE:BHP,LSE:BHP)
State: Arizona
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Porphyry
Commodities: Copper, molybdenum, silver
The Decision venture has the potential to produce 25 % of the whole US copper demand, with deliberate manufacturing of 40 billion kilos of copper over its 40 yr mine life.
Allowing for the venture has been underway for over a decade, and the US Forest Service printed after which rescinded the venture’s closing environmental affect assertion in early 2021. The native Apache Tribe has taken authorized motion to cease the proposed mine because the deposit sits beneath a website of non secular significance.
In response to BHP’s 2024 annual report, the Decision three way partnership and the US Forest Service are targeted on additional session with Native American Tribes to mitigate hurt to the area. The company has mentioned there may be presently no timeline for republication of the ultimate environmental affect assertion. After Trump took workplace in January, Rio Tinto’s CEO mentioned he’s optimistic the president will grant Decision’s closing permits.
Tamarack North venture
Possession:
51% – Talon Metals (TSX:TLO,OTC Pink:TLOFF)
49% – Rio Tinto
State: Minnesota
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Porphyry
Commodities: Nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, palladium, gold
Tamarack is one among solely three high-grade nickel sulfide deposits found on this century. As a result of its significance, the US Division of Power has chosen it to obtain a US$114.8 million grant for the development of a battery mineral processing facility.
Regardless of its nickel major standing, the venture will produce 24,000 MT of copper focus yearly as a by-product materials from an indicated useful resource of 8.56 million MT of ore grading 0.92 % copper. Talon presently plans to start building in 2026, with manufacturing starting in late 2027.
Twin Metals Minnesota venture
Possession: Antofagasta (LSE:ANTO,OTC Pink:ANFGF)
State: Minnesota
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Magmatic
Commodities: Copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, gold, silver, cobalt, lead
Twin Metals Minnesota’s growth is presently on maintain after hitting a number of roadblocks, together with the rejection of its mine plan and cancelling of two federal mining leases on account of issues tailings from the mine will affect the Superior Nationwide Forest and Boundary Waters Canoe Space.
In 2022, Antofagasta’s subsidiary Twin Metals engaged in litigation towards the US authorities over the actions, and in September 2023, the district court docket dismissed the corporate’s claims, siding with the federal government. Twin Metals filed an attraction in November of that yr.
If authorized, the mine is predicted to supply 158,000 MT of copper yearly. The corporate mentioned it’s finding out the doable affect of Trump’s govt order.
Van Dyke venture
Possession: Copper Fox Metals (TSXV:CUU,OTCQX:CPFXF)
State: Arizona
Mine kind: In-situ
Deposit kind: Porphyry, breccia pipe/stockwork, vein/slim vein
Commodities: Copper
The Van Dyke venture covers a venture space of 531.5 hectares and hosts historic mine workings, which produced 11.5 million kilos of copper between 1929 and 1945 and a further 5 million kilos between 1988 and 1989.
In a 2020 PEA, Copper Fox reported an after-tax web current worth of US$644.7 million, an inside charge of return of 43.4 % and a payback interval of two.1 years. The corporate forecasts a mine lifetime of 17 years and annual common copper manufacturing of 85 million kilos. Copper Fox is presently advancing the venture in the direction of a pre-feasibility examine.
White Pine North venture
Possession:
66% – Kinterra Capital
34% – Highland Copper
State: Michigan
Mine kind: Underground
Deposit kind: Sediment-hosted
Commodities: Copper, silver
Kinterra Capital is the operator of White Pine North as of 2023, when Highland bought it 66 % of the venture. In June 2024, the corporate initiated an environmental baseline examine for White Pine North that will be key to supporting its ongoing allowing operations. Utilizing room-and-pillar mining, the companions plan to make use of start manufacturing on the first panel in 2027 and anticipate a four-year ramp-up to full plant throughput.
The venture hosts a measured and indicated copper useful resource of three.5 billion kilos from 133.4 MT of ore with a mean grade of 1.05 % copper and a further inferred copper useful resource of two.18 billion kilos from 97.2 MT of ore with a mean grade of 1.03 %. Common annual payable copper steel manufacturing is projected at 94 million kilos.
Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, personal shares of Northern Dynasty.
